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Sections: story | Reporter | Photographer | Writer | Reformer | Lecturer | allied | Riis and Reform | Legacy
as soon as Jacob Riis published How the Other half Lives in 1890, the U.S. Census bureau ranked brand-new York as the most densely lived in city in the unified States—1.5 million inhabitants. Riis declared that every square mile, it was one of the most densely lived in places on the planet. The city is pictured in this massive panoramic map, a renowned cartographic type used to depict U.S. And Canadian cities and towns during the so late nineteenth and early twenty centuries. Known likewise as bird’s-eye see or view maps, summary maps render areas as if perceived from above at an tilt angle. Although no generally attracted to scale, they show street patterns, individual buildings, and significant landscape features in perspective. This map helps visualize the too much density, particularly in the reduced East and also West sides of Manhattan, and also Jacob Riis’s lifelong concern with ameliorating the lot of those that resided in its crowded slums.
As governor of brand-new York, Riis’s friend Theodore Roosevelt appointed a Tenement residence Commission, which led in 1901 come the creation of the Tenement residence Department, headed by an additional Riis friend, Robert de forest of the Charity company Society. Riis and also this circle of municipal citizen-reformers, which included social welfare activists Josephine demonstrate Lowell and Lillian Wald, operated to gather statistics evidence and also raise public awareness. They advocated for new housing design to lull crowding and improve fire safety, sanitation, and access to air and light. Riis defined the advancement of tenement residence reform as a forty-year effort, which contained demolishing the 5 Points and Mulberry bend neighborhoods, initiating new construction, cleaning the streets, creating parks and playgrounds, tearing down rear tenements, and cutting more than 40,000 home windows through inner walls come let in light.
Flat in Hell’s Kitchen on the West Side
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Public Health
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“Playgrounds together a Cure for City Crime,” Brooklyn Times, April 27, 1900, from page in Riis’s scrapbook. Jacob A. Riis Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of conference (017.00.00)
Riis photographed a privately funded, experimental playground in ~ West 28th Street between 11th and also 12th Avenues, the brewildtv.comk pictured in the map above, where tools was installed, and also a janitor and also two teachers to be hired to watch the children. Riis described the park: “It was not exactly an attractive place. . . . However the kids thought that lovely, and lovely it was for poor Gap, if no for fifth Avenue.” Riis helped create several little public parks in tenement neighborhoods including a park ~ above Rivington Street. This petition, signed through 300 college girls “to do the corporation garden at the foot that Rivington St. Right into a publicly play-ground,” succeeded. Hamilton Fish Park opened up in 1900.
Crime
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Piece Work—Cigar-Making
Riis specialized a chapter of How the Other fifty percent Lives to “The Bohemians—Tenement-House Cigar Making.” Riis defined these east European immigrant as working seventeen-hour days, seven days a week, inside their apartments rank v toxic fumes, making pennies one hour by stripping and also drying piles the tobacco leaves and also rolling finished products. In the Riis photograph, the parents job-related at the cigar mold and also their earliest child, at the facility of the frame, prepares the tobacco pipeline for rolling.
Fire insurance Map
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Educating the Young
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Immigration
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Sections: biography | Reporter | Photographer | Writer | Reformer | Lecturer | ally | Riis and Reform | Legacy
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