what is the formula for the acetate polyatomic ion
What Is The Formula For The Acetate Polyatomic Ion
l>New Page 0
The following are lists of polyatomic ions. These may be helpful when completing ChemSkill Builder and Homework problems. The exams will include only the nine we have focused on:
The 9 polyatomic ions to know and write on your notecard:
Name
Charge
Formula
Hydroxide
1-
OH-
Cyanide
1-
CN-
Nitrate
1-
NO3-
Acetate
1-
CH3COO-
Carbonate
2-
CO32-
Phosphate
3-
PO43-
Hydronium
1+
H3O+
Ammonium
1+
NH4+
Sulfate
2-
SO42-
Other polyatomic ions:
acetate
C2H3O21-
ammonium
NH41+
arsenate
AsO43-
azide
N31-
bicarbonate (hydrogen carbonate)
HCO31-
bisulfate (hydrogen sulfate)
HSO41-
borate
BO33-
bromate
BrO31-
carbonate
CO32-
chlorate
ClO31-
chromate
CrO42-
cyanate
OCN1-
cyanide
CN1-
dichromate
Cr2O72-
dihydrogen phosphate
H2PO41-
ferricyanide
Fe(CN)63-
ferrocyanide
Fe(CN)64-
formate
CHO21-
hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)
HCO31-
hydrogen sulfate(bisulfate)
HSO41-
hydroxide
OH1-
iodate
IO31-
manganate**
MnO42-
metasilicate
SiO32-
molybdate
MoO42-
monohydrogen phosphate
HPO42-
nitrate
NO31-
oxalate
C2O42-
permanganate**
MnO41-
phosphate
PO43-
phthalate
C8H4O42-
selenate
SeO42-
silicate
SiO44-
sulfate
SO42-
tartrate
C4H4O62-
thiocyanate
SCN1-
thiosulfate
S2O32-
tungstate
WO42-
** Exception to prefix rulesNOTE: -ite ending means one less oxygen than the -ate form. PREFIXES: per- = one more oxygen than -ate hypo- = one less oxygen than -ite
Ions arranged by family
Polyatomic cations other than ammonium, hydronium, and mercury(I) aren"t usually encountered in general chemistry. Most common polyatomic anions occur in "families". All members of the family share the same central element and the same charge. There are three common types of variations within the family: Different members of the family can have numbers of oxygens. Each member of the family can combine with hydrogen ions to partially neutralize their negative charge. Some members of the family can have sulfur substituted for oxygen. Other variations exist but are less common.
Table of common polyatomic cations, arranged by family.
Alternate names are given in italics. Select the name of the ion for information about its occurrence, uses, properties, and structure. Blank entries are uncommon or unstable; for a complete table see the Field Guide to Polyatomic Ions.
carbon
nitrogen
sulfur
chlorine
CO32-
carbonate
HCO3-
hydrogen carbonate(bicarbonate)
NO3-
nitrate
NO2-
nitrite
SO42-
sulfate
SO32-
sulfite
S2O32-
thiosulfate
HSO4-
hydrogen sulfate(bisulfate)
HSO3-
hydrogen sulfite(bisulfite)
ClO4-
perchlorate
ClO3-
chlorate
ClO2-
chlorite
ClO-
hypochlorite
phosphorus
cyanide
cations
metal oxyanions
PO43-
phosphate
HPO42-
hydrogen phosphate
H2PO4-
dihydrogen phosphate
CN-
cyanide
OCN-
cyanate
SCN-
thiocyanate
NH4+
ammonium
H3O+
hydronium
Hg22+
mercury(I)
CrO42-
chromate
Cr2O72-
dichromate
MnO4-
permanganate
oxygen
organics
OH-
hydroxide
O22-
peroxide
C2H3O2-
acetate
Common naming practices
If you can remember the formula of the ion whose name ends with ate, you canusually work out the formulas of the other family members as follows:
modify stem name with:
meaning
examples
-ate
a common form, containing oxygen
chlorate, ClO3-nitrate, NO3-sulfate, SO42-
-ite
one less oxygen than -ate form
chlorite, ClO2-sulfite, SO32-nitrite, NO2-
per-, -ate
same charge, but contains one more oxygen than -ate form
perchlorate, ClO4-perbromate, BrO4-
hypo-, -ite
same charge, but contains one less oxygen than the -ite form
hypochlorite, ClO-hypobromite, BrO-
thio-
replace an O with an S
thiosulfate, S2O32-thiosulfite, S2O22-
Some anions can capture hydrogen ions. For example, carbonate (CO32- can capture an H+ to produce hydrogen carbonate HCO3- (often called bicarbonate). Each captured hydrogen neutralizes one minus charge on the anion.
Table of common polyatomic cations, arranged by charge. Alternate names are given in italics. Select the name of the ion for information about its occurrence, uses, properties, and structure.
+2
Hg22+
mercury(I) or mercurous
+1
NH4+
ammonium
H3O+
hydronium
-1
C2H3O2-
acetate
ClO3-
chlorate
ClO2-
chlorite
CN-
cyanide
H2PO4-
dihydrogen phosphate
HCO3-
hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate
HSO4-
hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate
OH-
hydroxide
ClO-
hypochlorite
NO3-
nitrate
NO2-
nitrite
ClO4-
perchlorate
MnO4-
permanganate
SCN-
thiocyanate
-2
CO32-
carbonate
CrO42-
chromate
Cr2O72-
dichromate
HPO42-
hydrogen phosphate
O22-
peroxide
SO42-
sulfate
SO32-
sulfite
S2O32-
thiosulfate
-3
PO43-
phosphate
Ion
Two-Dimensional Structure
Three-Dimensional Representation
Ammonium NH4+
Hydronium H3O+
Ion
Two-Dimensional Structure
Three-Dimensional Representation
Bicarbonate HCO3-
Cyanide CN-
Hydrogen Sulfate HSO4-
Hydroxide OH-
Nitrate NO3-
Nitrite NO2-
Perchlorate ClO4-
Permanganate MnO4-
Ion
Two-Dimensional Structure
Three-Dimensional Representation
Carbonate CO32-
Chromate CrO42-
Dichromate Cr2O72-
Hydrogen Phosphate HPO42-
Sulfate SO42-
Sulfite SO32-
Thiosulfate S2O32-
Ion
Two-Dimensional Structure
Three-Dimensional Representation
Phosphate PO43-
Polyatomic Formulas - Polyatomic ions are made from more that one atom. This group of atoms act together as one unit with a single charge. Each of the polyatomic ions have a unique name.
Table of Polyatomic Ions
1+
1-
2-
3-
ammonium , NH4 +
acetate, C2H302-
carbonate, CO32-
phosphate, PO43-
bicarbonate, HCO3 -
chromate,CrO42-
bisulfate, HSO4 -
dichromate,Cr2O72-
bisulfite, HSO3 -
oxalate,C2O42-
chlorate,ClO3-
peroxide,022-
chlorite,ClO2-
silicate,SiO32-
cyanide,CN-
sulfate,SO42-
hydroxide,OH-
sulfite,SO32-
hypochlorite,ClO-
tartrate,C4H4062-
iodate,IO3-
thiosulfate,S2O32-
nitrate,NO3-
nitrite,NO2-
perchlorate,ClO4-
permanganate,MnO4-
Most of the polyatomic ions are anions. The formula for the compound will contain both a cation and an anion to balance the overall charge of the compound.
The cation is named normally and the anion is given the name of the actual anion. An easy way to recognize these formulas is the fact that they are made up of more that two elements and, usually, the first element is a metal.
